As per the title really. Haven't been beaten by any hills yet, but feel I would like an "emergency" spin gear. Trouble as I see it is that shimano 105 5800 ss has max 28 with 33 capacity. I sort of understand 28 max but not sure I fully grasp the 33. Get the fact that it is difference between small small and bg big, but if I never run full cross chain is this number relevant? So I guess the question is can the 28 max be squeezed any higher?
Not sure if this should be in maintenance ?
Yes it is relevant. Because you could run big-big. "Oh but I don't" you may say. Yes, but you could. You could just forget. If you had, say, a 32T big sprocket, your mistake would push your RD beyond its capacity and could damage it. (I don't suppose it would as the stated capacity probably has a margin for error). So your setup is
potentially dangerous.
If, however, you had a long cage RD your "mistake" would cost nothing whatsoever, it would work perfectly fine in big-big.
Edit - and if you had your chain too short, your "mistake" could have really serious consequences.
As to your other question, can you push the max sprocket size? Yes, or so I've read, but I've never done it as I always run long cage RDs.with high max sprocket
The solution is: Run the right mech for the job. Get yourself a 32T max and a long cage RD. You know you want to.