i have 2 road frames at the moment, and admittedly, one aint full carbon, but 2 mainly alu frames...
1- a few years old Trek 1400, all alu frame, with a carbon fork. medium sized butted tubing in the main triangle with thin, non particularly sculpted ( straight basically ) rear stays.
2- a 2005 Klein Quantum Q Pro. Carbon forks. frame main triangle is large butted and formed tubing, the chainstays are fat scuplted alu, and the seat stays are carbon fibre.
Having swapped kit ( bars, gears, wheels, chainset , everything ) between the pair of frames in the same day and then going for a ride, i've found:
The Klein is very very stiff. Its very direct, and put the power down, its off. You just feel the frame being really tight and having no give. The trek is much more a supple feel with its thinner tubing. Stomping on the pedals I can see, and feel to a certain extent the frame flex sideways.
Beyond that however, I've never felt that much difference once you're out and about on the road. Having the same kit on either, I wouldn't have said that one frame made me go faster than another under putting the power down, nor even that one frame felt noticably comfier than the other.... it was just that one frame felt less flexy. Both frames seemed to have the same amount of road buzz coming through the bars and seat, which on a long ride, did start to get a little weary.
The biggest thing that made a difference to that though was the tyres. I used to have 23mm tyres pumped right up hard, and you felt every little thing as you went along. I've now swapped them for 28mm tyres ( cause I use the Trek now for commuting duties ) and the difference is huge, the buzz has gone, and its a much much smoother ride all round. OK, i'm not going to win anything with big large tyres, but I was out on the bike for 6 hours yesterday, and it was just so much comfier, and not appreciably slower either.
In response to the original poster ... alu frames are very different between designs and that I personally think that unless your right into the racing, spending ££££ to get comfort via a carbon frame is not as good value as spending £ to get a different set of comfier tyres.