On a trike, the power run of the chain cannot go in a straight line from the chainset to the cassette: the rider is in the way! So the chain has to be run underneath the rider by means of one or more idlers and maybe some tube.
The return run of the chain may also need supporting with idlers and/or tube, or it might drag on the ground.
Short and medium-wheelbase recumbent bikes usually similarly need the chain to be run over a roller to keep it from fouling the front wheel. Bikes with a very high bottom bracket may get away with a straight chain run.