Acceleration and speed are quite different things, and equally the gradients and surfaces you are likely to tackle on the MTB are likely to be very different to those on a road bike. There's always going to have to be a compromise between various factors, and that will be down to personal preference, strength and endurance.
With the different gearing you have referred to on the same bike, the smaller chainring should give you faster acceleration, but a lower top speed at your maximum cadence over a given distance, where the larger ring will be a little slower off the mark with the same effort, but will be able to achieve and maintain a higher speed at the same cadence. Saying that MTB riding is often in small bursts of high cadence riding to get speed up quickly, with tight turns and hard braking so fast acceleration is essential, where as road riding is much smoother and likely to try and maintain a higher speed, and lower cadence over greater distances so needs quite different gearing.
I can't imagine many mtbs ride with anything close to the gear ratios of road orientated single speed bike. A recommended base ratio is 2:1, which would mean 32/16, or 52 inches, as mentioned above. Just in terms of cost, it would be cheaper to stick with your chainring, and tinker with the sprocket if you need to adjust your speed or acceleration, or build up strength for acceleration or spinning endurance if you want to go faster.