As a keen motorist and keen cyclist, I think the balance of the Law and the way it is enforced are about right.
I observe a greater proportion of cyclists with poor road sense than motorists.
I do not know why this is. It may be because we can cycle at any age; it may be because there is no mandatory test of competence to ride a bicycle. It may be because we cannot have the privilege of riding a bicycle taken away from us by the courts if we are seen as serial transgressors. Motorists cannot drive under a fixed age, must pass a test and can have their license withdrawn.
There may be a link; I don't know.
When a motorist drives poorly the result can be (but nis not always) more serious.
What is clear is that when a cyclist is involved in a collision it often has a marked effect on his or her physical wellbeing. This is less often the case with motorists.
This can lead to (and encourage) a "Car Naughty, Bike Nice" mentality - particularly among the 'more exposed' of these two communities.
I'm not sure this mentality is always helpful.
Going back to the OP: I am an occasional driver is Spain and find much that is alarming in road behaviour over there. I do not have the figures but am not surprised to hear that road casualties are higher there than in the UK.
My model for European driving standards and 'bicycle awareness' is either France or The Netherlands. I do not know their legal systems, but both countries seem to embrace a respect for cyclists that is palpable when in the saddle and behind the wheel. Broadly, cyclists in both countries also seem to have respect - although there is now a danger of being 'Velibbed' by a pavement-riding Parisian that I do not recall from many years ago.
NL has (I think) a better infrastructure for the cyclist. French drivers (to my mind) have a more positive attitude to fellow road users who are pedal-powered.
Of course the above are generalisations. There are monsters, fools and idiots in every country.
But by and large I think things are about as they should be in the UK.