No, absolutely not. Carbon is a poor conductor of heat and won't channel heat away or dissipate it. However, in your previous post you said that you will be using disc brakes for your Alpine trip, which makes the issue moot.
However, brakes work like this. The heat is generated at the interface between the two friction materials, that being the disc or rim and, pads. The heat is generated in the softest of the two materials (lets stick to rubber brake pads for clarity) and transferred via conduction to the harder of the two materials which then dissipates it via radiation and conduction. Typically on a road bike, the aluminium brake track (aluminium is a good conductor), removes the heat from the pad, spreads it through the rest of the rim, into the nipples and spoke ends, where airflow removes the heat. Note that just about zero heat moves back through the brake pad into the brake caliper, since rubber is too good a heat insulator. It is therefore futile to add cooling fins to the back of rubber brake shoes.
Should you now replace that aluminium rim with a carbon one, the following happens. Heat is generated in the pad at the interface of rim and pad. However, the carbon rim cannot remove the heat from the pad, the pad overheats and melts - hence the need for non-melting pads on carbon rims. These pads are made from a material that doesn't melt but goes directly from solid to gas. This could be cork, aramid fibres or something like that. Howver, this compromises brake performance and a carbon rim doesn't stop as quickly as an aluminium one. It also abrades quickly, can delaminate from the heat etc.
You need good airflow to keep your brakes cool and good technique. Do not drag your brakes, rather as someone else suggested, use them alternatively and intermittently.
Which wheelsets are recommended? It doesn't matter, as long as they are aluminium. Also stay away from tubbies, the high heat softens the glue and the tubbie can slide on the rim and bunch up at the valve. Not nice.
Not all brake pads are created equal either. Some rubbers, including that used by Shimano, forms hard crystals when melting, which picks up aluminium from the rims. If you remove a black pad on a hard working bike you'll notice bits of alu stuck in the rubber. You'll also notice that the rim is scored. For your Alpine trip, consider Koolstop Salmon pads, these don't pick up aluminum and perform better than OEM stock.