Rear hub is complicated enough without a dyno.
Don't try to re-invent the ....er .... wheel (sorry)
Go with a front wheel dynamo hub - it will be the same 100mm spacing as your current wheel (unless you have something very weird)
This is stupidly good value..... basically a rim, spokes and wheel build thrown in for less than a £ over and above the price of the dynamo.
The rim is not super high end, but it is very adequate and ideal for the 700x38c you want to run - personally I'd go narrower but that's just me.
Don't forget you need DC 5V for the Garmin (USB standard) and 99% of hub dynamos will give AC at constant current(-ish) and voltage varying according to speed.
ISTR you are into soldering in which case you "could" do this (missing out the Philips Saferide if you don't need lighting)
The impedance of the rechargeable cells will ( I gather) give you the over-voltage protection on the USB - although it might be safer to run it via cache battery (choose a model that can both charge and be charged at the same time - not all can).
Alternatively buy that Pedalpower SIC I recommended earlier.