The reason why central planners rose interest rates later 2020, after a decade of near zero, was that the havoc that the lockdowns and store closures made people hoard, including banknotes.
https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/ILM/ILM.M.U2.C.L010000.Z5.EUR
Look at how the amount banknotes in circulation (=outside banks) whopped up starting with the lockdowns.
In order to stop it, the central planners rose bank deposits interest rate, which is creating money out of nothing, that is added to bank accounts.
So those that hoarded banknotes = removing it from banks, got punished, and motivated to bring it back. As seen on the chart, the hoarding stopped mid 2022, and the trend line returned to the angle it had for decades, the planned angle.
There were 2 occasions of such increased hoarding banknotes before, after the 11 september 2001 attacks, and after Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in 2008, only that the hoarding period was just some weeks / couple months while the lockdowns made ppl hoard during more than 2 years. Central planners don't like people removing their money from banks, and increasing bank deposit interest rate + disrupting economy brings price inflation, which is what happened, so those with banknotes saw their purchasing power decrease that much more than those that left their money at banks.