OK, I was trying to answer this bit
And the answer is you can and maybe.
What's in iTunes is a list of feeds (the names of your podcasts) and downloaded files.
The feed:
You can export the list of all your subscribed podcasts from iTunes. On the mac version it's File->Library->Export Playlist and then pick the OPML format. You should then be able to import that file into your new podcast app, and be automatically subscribed to all your podcasts. If the app you have chosen doesn't allow that, then pick another one. My choice, BeyondPod does that.
The files:
Trickier. You have to get the files from itunes into the same directory structure that your app likes AND get your app to recognise them. I've just tried this with BeyondPod and a single file, and it worked after a forced stop of the app - that is, I subscribed to a podcast, copied the mp3 file into the directory structure, forced app to restart, and then it showed me the file I'd just downloaded. The directory structure does appear to be the same as the iTunes one, so it might work easily. Worst case scenario, copy the itunes directory to somewhere else on your SD card, and use any generic music player to listen to them. They are just MP3 files.
I pop one of
these into my ear while cycling. Works very well, and I can even answer calls - pulling over asap, of course
HTH