The tube will work OK, just stretching to fit.
The problem is that a stretched tube is more vulnerable, so anything that's going to cause a puncture will do so quicker.That may be an eyelet edge poking out past the rim tape taking a couple of weeks to cause a puncture rather than a couple of months, or the tip of a small fragment of glass letting the air out immediately rather than giving a slow puncture that you get home on and find the next morning.