1) Taking a few punts. You could redesign the fork crown as it won't be subject to the same forces either during braking, or by having a bolt tightened too it, same with the rear end brake bridge as many are reinforced to take the force of the bolt through it. It is a case of scavenging around the frame and seeing where there is excess material they have previously been unable to get rid of, or had little motivation to get rid of because of current weigh limits and then using that material buffer to re-enforce the parts that need it.
2) Well expectations vary, but you have to think, right now, a road bike with disc brakes is going to be less evolved as it is not something widely used, due to regulations in competition. Once regulations allow (if they do so) and people start using discs, then there is much more motivation to engineer frames and forks to suit. Right now, they are essentially clagged on there.
I don't see the need for disc brakes on a road bike, but I also don't think they would be particularly crippling either.