The pie dish/dork disc debate has rattled on for years and has IMO descended into a stand between vanity, fashion following and weight weenieism against common sense, prudence and independence!
It is quite wrong to say that properly set-up gears cannot send the chain over the top sprocket and into the spokes. The chain can easily be misdirected by a foreign body like a twig or carrier bag no matter how well maintained and adjusted the gears are. There is also a possibility that the bike may receive an unnoticed knock to the rear derailleur which results in the same unfortunate outcome. I suspect this may be what has happened to the OP as he has said his indexing was out earlier in the ride before the event that damaged the spokes, I am really surprised that nobody has suggested checking the gear hanger before putting it all back together! The dork disc will help prevent the serious damage that this can cause with minimal down side.
I have always left them on my bikes if fitted and did try to buy replacements for my 36 hole XT wheels I built for the MTB and commuter. I couldn't find good ones at the time due to the flange size and spoke count but would buy some without hesitation if they became available (I don't want the nasty ones that 'spin' onto the spokes, they have to have the proper claws that fit the hub flange

).
Just checking my bike shed and as suspected the dork disc is still in place on my best summer road bike, ironically probably the one that least needs it, but it is doing no harm so can stay where it is
Somebody did suggest that the derailleur may still catch the spokes even with a dork disc fitted but that is a different fault altogether and not what the OP experienced. The dork disc stops the chain sawing at the spokes if it over shifts. If the derailleur is touching spokes then it is either a bent mech, a bent hanger or a badly adjusted set-up (or all three?). A large pie dish might help?