Your front dérailleur looks fine to me... and yes, the indexing at the rear should be fine regardless of which front chain ring you're using. (if that's what you're asking)
Have a look at the park tools guide and see if it makes more sense than the videos.
http://www.parktool.com/blog/repair-help/rear-derailleur-adjustment
I'm assuming the cassette you replaced was also a 10-speed.This has only happened since I fitted the new cassette this morning was fine until now. I've just been on the road and it seems a little better. Annoyingly in the big from chain ring anything up from 4-5 makes the front derailleur rub. I sometimes think setting up gears is a black art!
I'm assuming the cassette you replaced was also a 10-speed.
Was there by any chance a spacer ring behind the old cassette when you took it off, which perhaps you didn't put back on. Or maybe there wasn't one behind the old cassette when you took it off but there was one with the new cassette, and you put that on?
I don't think it is something that you adjust by what it looks like!Does the b screw setting look OK?
I don't think it is something that you adjust by what it looks like!
I always do it by getting the derailleur's top jockey wheel as close as possible to the biggest sprocket without the chain clunking. If you get the mech too close you will hear a rumbling noise and if that happens, use the b-screw to push the mech out a bit.