It's great you are having a go, but obvious you have very little knowledge of bikes but you are going about learning the right way.
Can I suggest you get hold of a copy of Richards Bicycle Book, an early edition in paperback, not the later hardback one.
This one
http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Richards-...1058687853?pt=Non_Fiction&hash=item33781fe36d would do you well and tell you all you need to know about bikes of your Dawes generation.
In the meantime people on here will be all to willing to help you with advice if you get stuck.