I don't think any of us have mentioned the Highway Code, which we should. It's based on vulnerability:
Pedestrians
Cyclists
Horse riders
Motorcyclists
Cars/taxis
Vans/minibuses
Buses/HGVs etc
When cycling I always assert my right to be there but will yield when it's the safe responsible thing to do. Generally drivers appreciate this. I'm certainly not giving way for some d1ckhead who believes he/she owns the road.
I quite like the new rules Spain brought in at the beginning of this month.
Cyclists are encouraged to ride in the centre of the traffic lane on roads without dedicated infrastructure to improve visibility and deter dangerous passing attempts.
All exemptions for interurban roads (such as long climbs, extreme heat, or medical waivers) have been eliminated. Helmets are strictly mandatory on interurban roads for all riders and in urban areas for riders under 16.
In cities, cyclists can move past stationary or slow-moving cars on either the right or left, and pull up to advanced stop lines at traffic.
When riding outside built-up areas from dusk to dawn or in poor visibility, reflective clothing or lights must be visible from at least 150 metres.
Delivery and professional riders must wear helmets and high-visibility vests on all road types.
Motor vehicles must maintain a minimum distance of 5 metres behind a cyclist in the same urban lane.
On roads with more than one lane in the same direction, drivers must completely change into the adjacent lane to pass a cyclist.
I also find there are far more and better thought out designated cycle lanes in Europe.