What exactly does sugar do, please?
I think it is all a myth, I don't think sugar dissolves in petrol or diesel, I guess the worst it could do is block up the filters.
Well well well! We have a doubting Thomas do we? Best I can do, then, is relate the full story.
Sugar does
not dissolve in petrol. It remains as a load of solid granules which can wreck just about everything.
As I recall it (bear in mind this all happened when I was a child, some 50 years ago), it was my Mum driving the car, she'd taken us kids for a day out at Kew Gardens. On the way back she filled up with petrol. In those days most petrol pumps were attendant service. The man came to the driver's window and said "I'm afraid someone's done the dirty on you Madam". He then asked her to get out and look, indeed there was an incrustation of what looked like sugar around the filler tube (no locking caps in those days). He even tasted it (ugh!) and said it was definitely sugar. My Mum was in a tizzy, she didn't know what to do: I think she phoned my Dad and he said, come home anyway but take care and drive slowly. Then he (who was a passionate car mechanic: he loved nothing better than to spend weekends covered in grease under the car) got to work. First he drained the tank and flushed it out carefully. Then he took off all the fuel pipes and cleaned those out. He took off the fuel pump and had a good clean-out of that (or maybe bought a new one) and decided: he'd caught it in time, job done.
He was wrong. A few weeks later the car started coughing and spluttering, was obviously not a happy bunny. Back to the workshop. This time he took the cap off the carburettor, and I recall him calling me and showing me what he'd found. There was a thick sludge of sugar crystals lining the inside of the carburettor. New carb, and for good measure he took off the cylinder head and replaced the piston rings (and valves perhaps), and did his best to swab it all clean. Now he decided he was in the clear.
All was well for a few weeks. But then (on a German autobahn, as it happened), car juddered to a halt with terrible clunking sound. Big end bearing failure. Had to call out the recovery service, and get back to UK by train. This time he went for a complete replacement engine. One of those 'Gold Seal' refurb jobs I think it was called.
End of story? Well, yes and no. A few months later he wrote off the entire car in a prang. He was gutted

. But that's a separate story.