On my 2007 2-speed Brompton i did the DIY conversion to 3 speed, at the same time changing the bb to JIS and some Spa 160mm cranks to be able to use a 10-speed chain and sprockets. it worked well, and the next step was to fit a 36T inner ring to go with the 52T outer. Fold fine as long as it's in the big ring - if in the small ring, there would be too much chain slack. I used one of the 40mm clamps from
Ebay to fit a 'braze-on' type Shimano front derailleur, and it works great - the clamp means there is enough adjustment to get it perfect. I used 1mm flexible plastic 'double glazing' shims to pack out the 38mm seat tube to 40mm for the clamp, and suggest inner tube of similar will give problems because it's not rigid and will relax as well under load. I like close ratio, so used 12,13,15 sprockets giving a range from 39 -69 inches.
As you are A Twiddler, that would probably suit you as well