Curmudgeon gear engaged: I just want a coffee!
"Is that an americano, sir?"
Seethe!
Or a lungo in Italy.......
Ask for a coffee in Italy and you'll get a single mouthful of espresso, about 30ml. A ristretta is shorter and stronger, about 25ml iirc.
A doppio is a double espresso, about 60ml.
Add a splash of milk foam it becomes an espresso macchiato. ( meaning stained)
You can have a cappuccino, which is a double espresso, a third of a cup of hot milk and a third of a cup of foam. Considered a breakfast drink in Italy. They'll know you're a tourist if you ask for one after lunch/lunchtime.
A lungo is a shot of espresso topped up with hot water. Lungo means long.
Strictly speaking and depending where you are, a latte is actually a latte macchiato, which is a glass of hot milk, stained with a single shot of espresso.
As for all this caramel/flavoured syrup nonsense.....well, blame the good 'ole USA.