If we rephrase the question to be "do modern transmissions have a shorter life, and require more care than old 5/10 speed ones" we may be getting closer to what the
@Sunny Portrush was driving at, nothing to do with brakes.
I'll probably get shot down by
@Yellow Saddle but I'll advance a theory, based on no science or engineering whatsoever.
My theory. Ahem. The price we have paid for having lovely indexed 10/11 speed cassettes is skinnier chains. These are more like racehorses compared to the old reliable 5 speed carthorse chains. They are more susceptible to "stretching" and need more cleaning to prevent this. Once stretched they may start doing harm to alloy chainrings. So the increased need for cleaning applies to them as well. The same applies, but less so, to the steel sprockets of the hub. So the price of indexed freedom is constant cleaning vigilance. End of theory.