Its complicated Pat. Different retailers all want the best but dont neccessarily want to pay the premium. The premium isnt soley based on the product, there is some crossover occasionally but generally, specific fruit, sizes, quality, variety is brought to meet specific retailers specs. Specifications are written in stone, very little deviation is allowed. The company will have different teams, commercial, technical etc for different customers. Specifications are rigid but quality may vary, some defect acceptable for one customer...definately not for another.
Where a high end retailer may differ from a 'budget' one is not soley the product you supply but also the conditions you supply from, workplace standards (this is a huge thing in itself, cleaning standards, toilets, canteen facilities etc etc etc), ethical sourcing, environmental policies, the companies policy on modern slavery, do you have support for staff, a high end customer demands all these are met, its their name at risk if it all goes wrong. The more elevated the retailer, the higher the standards. The retailer has to pay for those standards to be met so inevitably, the cost is higher.
It seems to me the system now is its joined up top to bottom, retailer to farm. The grower knows exactly whats expected, cannot deviate too much. The packer recieves pretty much exactly whats required, theres normally minimal waste bacause the product recieved already meets spec, turnaround is very fast, waste minimised, profit maximised.. The retailer and supplier work very closely, everyone benefits.
But volume is the driver, packing 20 boxes of this, 200 boxes of that doesnt make money, its thousands of boxes per order, long runs are the real key.
This is in stark contrast go a former company 20 years ago. They would buy a crop and make it fit the customers requirements. They would over buy because they didnt work with the retailer so closely so there could be lots and lots of waste, more cost. Equally, if other suppliers ran short at the end of a season, our company had fruit, albeit a bit aged, available. It was a lottery, sometimes they reaped huge profits, sometimes lost. Sometimes theyd hit the growers financially if the crop didnt hold up, sometimes hit the shippers if it wasnt stored correctly and arrived below par, it was a dog eat dog kind of thing