Those big nuts tension and lock the headset bearings, so alas you need them.
I guess. I like classics but some of the old tech is a work of art and some of it just ugly.
Alternately, have a search round and see if you can find a more pleasing set of nuts?
That didn’t come out well.
I may find an anodised set.
Pricey
https://www.sjscycles.co.uk/headset...70c-1-18-inch-threaded-headset-black/?geoc=US