Yes, as others have said, so long as you increase the maintenance intervals, it will be fine, the bike won't spontaneously combust, but it is true that winter will increase the wear rates on various components. There is some logic in using a cheaper bike for these less pleasant months, as your cost per mile will reduce over the long run. Of course, that means shelling out on a second bike, so it would take some considerable time before it pays for itself over increased running costs of your 'best' bike.
Depending on the value of your best bike, and how much mileage you do, it may not make sense to take this approach. No judgement here, but if you are having to take your bike to the shop for a puncture, then you might actually stand to save a small fortune not running your best bike into the ground, especially if you wind up taking it in for every little problem, but if you are prepared to put in the cleaning, maintenance, and ride a 'winter' bike, and it's your main method of transport, it's not a terrible strategy, and one many here will employ to keep running costs low, and their pride and joy in tip top condition for the kind of riding they purchased it for. Nothing wrong with commuting on a road bike, and I did it myself for many years, but when I had the funds and space to have a second bike for commuting, I picked up something that simply did commuting better, and my road bike was then used exclusively for leisure activity and exercise, it was always raring to go, because it didn't get hammered on my 20 mile round commute on a daily basis.