Yes, it looks like an unusual fixing for an extra cog onto a Shimano Nexus 3 coaster-braked hub (current model SG-3C41).
The nearest production models are probably the SA hubs which take a 9-speed cassette, such as the CS-RK3 (disc braked) or CS-RF3 (rim braked).
Edit: that's wrong: the extra cog is replacing a set of spokes = it's driving the rear axle. Oh well, I leave it here as an interesting note of hybrid hubs.