Let's take
650B 27.5 x 2.3 (58-584) to bits.
650B is a nominal wheel size. It's a stupid coded way of saying that you have a 584mm rim. Like 700C is annoying code for 622mm. Ignore it.
27.5 x 2.3 is a size in inches. The 27.5 is just annoying. It's the total diameter of wheel plus tyre. Who cares about that? Like the 650 in 650B. Ignore it. The 2.3 is the tyre size in inches. This is the first bit of info that's actually useful. This happens to be 58mm.
58-584 hooray! this actually means something. It means you have a 584mm rim and a 58mm tyre.
So I did a bit of googling auto translating and got to here
https://shop.gaadi.de/GAADI-Comfort-16-29-Fahrradschlauch-AV-Schrader-37-57mm
It says (in German)
The GAADI Comfort bicycle inner tube is suitable for permanent use and one tube covers wheel sizes from 16 to 29". That's impressive, I didn't know that.
So, as that is sized 37-57mm and you have a 58mm tyre, that's 1mm too small. But the next one up is 60-74, which is 2mm too big.
https://shop.gaadi.de/GAADI-Comfort-16-29-Fahrradschlauch-AV-Schrader-60-74mm
I think you could get either. The bigger one errs on the side of caution I suppose.
Provided you want a schrader valve, that is.