I must admit to being uneasy at how thin the evidence for the existence of flying stages seems to be. I have a couple of Kennedy Brothers books covering the Tours of 1981 and 1985, both of which allegedly featured flying stages (1985 being the last) but I can't find mention of them at all.
Wikipedia cites
Tour de France rules and statistics - Pieter van den Akker, which sounds like something I definitely ought to have. A trip to
eBay, wait a few days, and I am the proud owner.
It isn't quite what I expected, being more of an entertaining read than a book of reference. The author only names his sources in general terms, so anyone wishing to use it as a guide to further research may be disappointed. He makes a full and valid explanation for this and makes it clear that he is willing to be consulted regarding any particular detail, but somehow I doubt whether the contributor(s) to Wikpedia did this.
Back to the subject of how to improve the Tour, I'm left in no doubt that some of the ideals on which the event was founded have been lost over the years. Selection of riders for the Tour is not what it was:
In the first years of the Tour de France, every man (women were not allowed) could start, as long as they had a valid cycling licence at the start of the Tour, and paid the entrance fee. Anyone under 21 needed permission from their parents.
Fairly soon it seems that demand for places outstripped supply.
Personally I enjoy time-trial days, but I've often felt uneasy at the influence that such a particular specialism has often had on the overall result. Since WW2, in 44 of 75 editions (up to 2021), time gained by the overall winner in time trials was crucial to the final result. Naturally Merckx would have won all his anyway, but without time trials Hinault would only have two wins, and Indurain none. Based on a totally invalid assumption, but interesting none the less.
On of the most exciting Tours, in 1987, is remembered as a three-way battle between Stephen Roche, Pedro Delgado and Jean-Francois Bernard. Of those Delgado was the strongest climber and Bernard the best time-triallist. But without time-trials the winner is none of those; it's the original and best Colombian climber (subjective judgment), Luis Herrera. He also comes out top in 1985, Hinault dropping down to 8th
Could we have a five year moratorium on time-trials? Or maybe go time-trial free in alternate years?