I can't believe nobody has noticed this.... the OP has shown you THREE pictures of his front brake with the cable release lever OPEN!
Dude - see that lever on the bolt where the cable is attached? That should be in the downward position. You'll see how it cams shut and stays shut, shortening the cable. This is the normal riding position, up is the open position to make it easier to get the tyres past the brake blocks. Adjust the brake cable length so that the blocks are a couple of mm away from the rim and get them set flat to the rims so that they snap shut with a little "clack" when you grab the brake lever. After a wet mucky ride, remove the pads and clean them and the rims and pick the little shiny bits of grit out of the pad surfaces.