Please explain things in very simple terms as I know next to nothing about bike mechanics. I can tighten my brakes, change a tire and index my gears by following a youtube video step by step and that's it 
Over the last couple of days when I was cycling I occasionally felt something "slip" and suddenly the pedals can turn with no resistance, but then within a second it "catches" again and I can continue cycling with no mishap.
Cycling back from church this morning the problem is now much worse, because instead of immediately catching back on it takes several seconds and I need to get off the bike because with the lack of forward motion I would otherwise fall off! It's also happening much more frequently, to the point where I gave up and walked the rest of the way home. I can't see anything OBVIOUSLY amiss when I look at the bike. I don't really know what I'm looking for, but the chain in still on the derailleur etc.
LBS is shut today because it's sunday, and I leave for work before it opens and returns once it is shut, so the next opportunity is saturday... My bike is my only source of transport and I don't really fancy waking up an hour earlier to walk to work in the cold! Is there anything I can do to fix/temporarily improve the problem?

Over the last couple of days when I was cycling I occasionally felt something "slip" and suddenly the pedals can turn with no resistance, but then within a second it "catches" again and I can continue cycling with no mishap.
Cycling back from church this morning the problem is now much worse, because instead of immediately catching back on it takes several seconds and I need to get off the bike because with the lack of forward motion I would otherwise fall off! It's also happening much more frequently, to the point where I gave up and walked the rest of the way home. I can't see anything OBVIOUSLY amiss when I look at the bike. I don't really know what I'm looking for, but the chain in still on the derailleur etc.
LBS is shut today because it's sunday, and I leave for work before it opens and returns once it is shut, so the next opportunity is saturday... My bike is my only source of transport and I don't really fancy waking up an hour earlier to walk to work in the cold! Is there anything I can do to fix/temporarily improve the problem?