Solid tyres seem like an excellent idea - but no-one has yet found a material that can be used with any reasonable level of success for a normal bicycle
There is no such material.
Pneumatic tyres work because there is a single air chamber that distributes any change in pressure round the whole wheel. Take a tyre, and squeeze an inch of it down to the rim, and the volume of the air chamber, and hence the pressure, will only change by about 1%. The force required to get the last 10% down to contact with the rim is almost the same as to get the first bit of movement.
In any non-pnematic tyre there is no mechanism for distributing the change in resistance round the wheel, and all changes are limited to that part of the tyre between the rim and the road. If the tyre is pressed half way down to the rim, the force required to move the tyre is double what is was to start with, at 3/4 down the rim it's 4 times, and at the start of the last 10% it's 10 times.
Since there's a minimum pressure equivalent under steady riding on a smooth surface, from a handling perspective, it's inevitable that any non-pneumatic tyre will give a harsh ride. It doesn't matter whether it's foam, a fancy elastomer, or some arrangement of springs, it's all the same.
I'll give a half excuse to HLaB's bike with the gun. If the tyre is rigid, it's the same as a solid steel wheel with 1" or 1.5" travel suspension.
I dare say the gun gets you more road space tho'
