Cables do stretch (and don't compress) - see my edit; apologies.
I appreciate you are just casting a line, there, but you've reminded me of a discussion we had here a few years ago about whether one could safely use a gear cable as a brake cable (in the brake cable outer). I've reached back to rehash that - below.
Let's leave aside the extent to which outers compress (and all do, normal brake ones much more than others).
All materials stretch when a strain is induced therein. A brake/gear cable stretches every time it is operated and returns to its original dimension when the lever is released (removing the tension). They never breach their elastic limit so there is no plastic stretch, ever.
Stainless steel cables do not stretch any more than normal when new. They stretch the same amount every time (the same amount of) tension is applied, throughout their life, from brand new to 'ready for replacement'. The entirely predictable amount of stretch means that, for a gear cable indexing is unaffected (and gear cable tension is much less than brake cable tension in operation).
Can a gear cable
inner be used as a brake cable?
Does a brake cable stretch a bit when applied? Yes, but so little as to have no functional effect (think about how the brake levers operate the cable and the cable operates the calipers).
And so, being thinner gauge, the gear cable would stretch too, and maybe a tad more, but, again, so little as to have no functional effect.
I decided I'd try to quantify the approximate difference in stretch if one used a gear cable in place of a brake cable, and whether that would affect the effective operation of the brake calipers (rim brake).
1) The length of pull on a brake cable with a STI (brake lever) is about 9mm max (ie from 'resting' position to lever touching the (drop) bar. Proper adjustment means that full strength braking is effected (with my pads and pad/rim gap adjustment) at 5mm (ie with 4mm 'spare'). Operating the rear calipers, would a gear cable stretch >4mm more than a brake cable would?
2) Wire ropes/cables do not possess a Young’s Modulus but an ‘apparent’ Modulus of Elasticity can be used and the various generic steel cable types have working Moduli of Elasticity. So using Hooke's Law:
Elastic Extension = FL/EA where F = load applied (N), L = rope length (mm), E = elastic modulus (N/mm2),A = metallic cross section (mm2)
F The 'full' (ie 4 fingers in opposition to the thumb) grip of an adult is in the range 250N-500N. Even from the drop bars (the strongest braking position for the hand (and for other reasons)) the full grip cannot be exerted so, say, a force of 200N can be applied. The mechanical advantage of the levers is 3 (vector distances from axis are 54mm and 18mm) so this implies an applied force of 600N on the cable (ie max cable tension).
L 1300mm is a typical rear cable run for a normal bike (580mm TT c-t-c) and cables under tape on drop bars. Hybrids/MTB cable run will be a little less. A drop bar STI front brake cable run is much shorter and therefore stretch is less (~40%).
E
General Elastic-modulus of the cable construction
Spiral strand, type 1x7 EM = 126000
A The area of a 1.2mm dia gear cable is 1.1mm2. Brake cable is 1.6mm dia so area = 2.0mm2
3) For 2.0mm2 area (brake) cable that gives an
elastic extension of 3.1mm for a 600N load
For 1.1mm2 area (gear) cable that gives an
elastic extension of 5.6mm for a 600N load
This means that the
difference in elastic extension (
stretch) between the two types of cable is
2.5mm.
Conclusion: The STI
levers have a margin (ie spare travel) of 4mm so using a gear cable, in extremis, would not result in the lever 'bottoming out' on the bars.
Comments
a. And since the main braking effect is using the front brake (which has a much shorter cable run) riders using a gear cable in place of a brake cable in an 'emergency' should maintain an effective braking system.
b. This result may not hold for flat bars - someone else can do the working, if they're so inclined. And off course long run cables (eg for tandems or recumbents) would result in significantly more stretch with the implicit failure of an effective braking system.
c. I have made assumptions to get this result: I hope they are valid (for the level of accuracy relevant for this).