Seems to me the use of photos is like a motorway speed limit - lots of people break the rules, very few get apprehended for it.
Before the internet, a courtesy credit usually did the job for non-commercial use.
Now everyone is a publisher, which was never envisaged when copyright laws were drafted.
I am aware of some commercial news outlets getting into bother for ripping images from social media.
The outlet doesn't really have a leg to stand on, other than to face down the photographer and copyright holder, who is usually a private citizen who posted a pic which then became newsworthy because the subject died, got arrested, or had some other newsworthy adventure.
Another complication is "publisher's copyright".
To use facebook as an example, I think somewhere in their terms and conditions it says everything you post, including photos, becomes facebook's copyright.