A CD player will 'knock spots off' a cheap turntable but a quality turntable leaves CD for dead.
That's certainly been my experience. I don't know anything about the technology, and when I run into 'low noise shunt regulators' and 'RIAA equalisation' my mind just goes into suspended animation till the complicated words go away, but as a subjective experience, two aspects of the vinyl difference really stand out, to me at least.
I was surprised earlier in the thread when people were enthusing about vinyl's 'brightness'. If there's one thing CDs don't lack, in my experience, it's brightness. They're tin-tack sharp. If fidelity was the be all and end all, CD's would have it licked. What they lack, by comparison with vinyl, is a richness, a fullness, a roundedness of sound - a timbre, for want of a better word. A good trumpet solo on CD can sound just like a trumpet; a trumpet on vinyl not only sounds like a trumpet, it 'feels' like a trumpet. And that's nothing to do with volume; the 'fullness' of that vinyl sound is there even at low volumes.
The other big edge vinyl has over CD, it seems to me, is what I call sound stage, tho' I'm doubtless using the word sloppily and, for want of a better word, wrong. But what I mean by it is the way vinyl locates sources in space in a way CD just doesn't seem to. CD - indeed any digital format - has that fidelity, for sure; but only on vinyl do you get the fullest experience of the tenor being right
there (and not anywhere else) and the piano being
there - 'there' being a specific point in space. CD does the left/right balance just fine; but it doesn't convey the sense that the players are on a raised stage about 20 feet away from you, but the saxophone is playing at the front left of the stage, about ten feet above your ear level, with the drummer being somewhere between left and centre, but a couple of feet lower and perhaps 15 feet further back. The separation, the positioning, the experience of specific instruments doing their particular thing in their own, clearly demarcated space (so you can if you want to concentrate on the flute while letting the other instruments just get on with doing their thing) - that's the other big thing I get from vinyl that I just don't get to anything like the same extent with anything digital.
One of the things I've found interesting, getting back into vinyl and with a system rather better than the one I had in the old days, is just how varied the quality of records is. I don't think this is an old/new, original/remastered thing. I don't know what it is - probably a combination of factors, from the original sound recorder's skills to the quality of the recording equipment, the manufacturing process, the vinyl used - all doubtless massively compounded by the quality of the equipment used to play the record over the years, and simply how many times it's been played. The upshot, though, is that some of my Pablo or Chess recordings from the 60s/70s/80s have a jaw-dropping quality about them (many dub records are also astonishingly good, for some reason) while others - many of them more recent and by no means worn out are fine, but just somehow a bit flat and lifeless by comparison.
But that's all part of the enjoyment! You get a batch of new records, clean them, stick one on the turntable and prepare for - who knows! And sometimes the answer is delightfully, jaw-droppingly, take your breath awayily sweet. In a way that no CD has ever been, at least in my experience.