First thing is first, are the shifters 5 speed? If not, then they won't work with your 5 speed freewheel on the road bike, and to fit more than 5 speeds to that bike you will probably need to re-space the frame.
I presume those are the shifters that came off the same mountain bike as the new rear derailleur? If so, the cable pull will be correct (fairly obviously) - So you'll just need a Shimano compatible freewheel (if your current one isn't already). Buy the same speed as your current one to prevent issues in frame spacing and indexing.
As you can see, the MTB has the mech hanger built in to the frame, although I believe you should just be able to take the old mech off and re-use it's removable hanger.
Other things to consider are chain length (you may need a longer one), and you will need cable stops where the downtube shifters were originally, to allow you to fit some outer cable going up towards the shifters on the bars. Band-on cable stops are available from
eBay.
You will also want to check that the clamp size for the shifters is compatible with your road handle bars.