Gillstay, for a start the World Economics Forum page I posted has a meta-tagline 'Producing batteries for green technology harms the environment...'
Then the piece links to this article -
https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/business/batteries/graphite-mining-pollution-in-china/
Then it says this -
" Firstly, producing an electric vehicle contributes, on average,
twice as much to global warming potential and uses double the amount of energy than producing a combustion engine car. This is mainly because of its battery. Battery production uses a lot of energy, from the extraction of raw materials to the electricity consumed in manufacture. "
Then it links to this -
https://www.somo.nl/cobalt-blues/
- which describes the impact of cobalt mining on the Congo which is the main source of Cobalt for battery manufacture, saying,
" This research reveals new evidence of human rights violations and environmental negligence and argues that abuses caused by Katangas industrial mining industry are not only serious, but also structural. " and giving a link to the full report.
Then it discusses the problems of recycling lithion batteries, saying, amongst other things,
" Recycling lithium costs
five times as much as extracting virgin material. Hence, only
5% of lithium-ion batteries are recycled in Europe. " As Cougie says, this was 5 years ago. Perhaps recycling is improving? I'd like to see by how much.
If you would like to find out more, please do share.