I saw a article that interviews a Head Surgeon who worked with the local A&E
He said he saw a lot of cyclist who had not been wearing a helmet
very very few that HAD been wearing one
only an anecdote - but that was what it said
That said, I'm guessing that his assessment hasn't at all taken account of the flaws in the now notorious Rivera, Thompson Rivera paper, (basically comparing helmeted kids in parks and leafy suburbs, vs unhelmetted inner city kids on busy roads) nor for that matter a more recent British study which casually mentioned at the end that cyclists who'd been drinking were a lot less likely to be wearing helmets - then totally ignored any implications of this in their conclusion.
Instinctively, everyone, myself included, assume helmets are helpful; it's common sense after all, but when you critically read proper papers, it doesn't quite work like that it seems - despite said papers often making the same common-sense conclusion which their own paper doesn't support.