Thank you for all the responses above 
One thing I'm not understanding perfectly. On the flatter bits through town on smooth, newly paved concrete, I'm now hitting 18mph on the road bike and I can hold it there with a fair bit of effort but no more than I'm exerting later on in the ride on the rougher asphalt bits, where I'm struggling to hold 13mph and it's requiring the most effort I can muster to stop myself going past my lactic threshold. Is surface really that significant when riding with 25mm tires?

One thing I'm not understanding perfectly. On the flatter bits through town on smooth, newly paved concrete, I'm now hitting 18mph on the road bike and I can hold it there with a fair bit of effort but no more than I'm exerting later on in the ride on the rougher asphalt bits, where I'm struggling to hold 13mph and it's requiring the most effort I can muster to stop myself going past my lactic threshold. Is surface really that significant when riding with 25mm tires?

I mean I'm talking 18mph 4 miles into the ride when I'm nowhere near properly warmed up, I feel like I'm generating less power on those parts vs the effort it takes to hold a speed 5mph less only 2 miles further down the road where the road surface changes. I'm gonna take myself out on a trail with smooth roads at some point soon just to see what my average speed would be if I lived in a country with half decent roads
I can't have been that tired because i managed that aforementioned hill even faster today, 7.5mph up the 13% gradient vs the 7.0mph of yesterday.