Look at the shape and see which part of the mech hits the wheel first. They do not need to be large at all.
See if you can find a picture of damage like the OP had that had a plastic thingy on at the time, as I could not do so.
Look at the picture closely you will see he was on the largest sprocket at the time of incident and that the mech is wrapped up in the spokes, yes a long way from the sprocket but the momentum of the wheel would have caused it to travel that way.