I was told I would be able to mount the brake behind the forks due to the loads of room back there. Are their ill effects from mounting them this way? I.e. brakes binding or something of that sort?
It is possible to mount the brake caliper behind the fork, but it is very dependent on the type of brake caliper. Your current calipers are the centre pull type - Due to the style of cable routing you won't be able to place these behind the fork.
You'll have more of a chance of fitting the brake behind the fork crown using a side pull caliper. With these you have two options, either the older single pivot style, or the more modern dual pivot style.
You may have trouble finding a modern dual pivot caliper with long enough drop/reach (distance from the mounting point to the lowest point a brake pad can be mounted), although this style would be preferable as they are easier to centre and have more braking power. With this style you will also have to in most cases drill out either the front or back of the fork crown (depending on where you mount it) to 8mm to accept the more modern recessed nut fitting.
Single pivots on the other hand are slightly harder to centre, and have slightly less braking power, however are often available with longer drop/reach to suit older style frames. Single pivots aren't used much anymore, so you may have to buy in NOS condition or second hand.
The other thing worth considering is whether the brake caliper will restrict steering. As you can see in the image below the caliper has a taller section to accept the brake cable. With the caliper mounted on the back of the fork crown this may contact with the down tube, which could possibly damage your frame or brake caliper if the two collide!
Before deciding on a brake caliper you should measure your frames drop (from the mounting bolt hole to the rim) as shown in the 'Reach' section of the article I linked to above.
I'd suggest that brake cable routing would also be sub-optimum with the caliper mounted behind the fork, possibly adding a little more cable friction. To be honest, in your position I think I'd just buy a modern dual pivot caliper (if you can find one with long enough drop) and mount it to the front of the fork crown.