I think it's fair to say that changing gear using downtube levers involves a more complex sequence of actions than brifters and therefore requires more conscious thought. Nowadays I find I not infrequently use the wrong hand, particularly when I'm needing to be aware of potential hazards, and next time I go to shift find myself in a very odd place. I don't remember that happening in the old days, so perhaps the ability to change gear easily at all times can be a mixed blessing.
Earlier this year I did a 100 miler on a 36 year old Galaxy with original Weinmann centre pulls, 5-speed 14-28 block and friction levers. I found far less to dislike with the shifting than the braking, and had no trouble making the transition. But I'll take the comfort and maintenance of control that brifters give without hesitation.
A bit of the programming from the old days will always remain I think. I still reach for the downtube a few times on every ride.