I ran into the back of a car a couple of years ago simply because it was very wet and my my brakes had no stopping power.
Was this with a Brompton with modern brakes? The only situation ever where I've reached the limit of the Brompton Dual Pivots was running down a very (!) steep hill over a longer distance with a 30kg+ trailer attached - in this situation an emergency stop would not have been possible as the trailer pushed harder than the brakes could consume comfortably and constantly.
In no other situation did I have a problem and I have been running my Brommi throughout the year for way more than a decade in all wether, traffic and load conditions and on all terrains (including the alps). From experience I defintively consider the Dual Pivots to be absolutely sufficient in all situations apart from extreme loads or very long very steep descents - wich both are still possible but request a slight adjustment in riding style.
If you bang into the back of a car I'd assume the reason being rather more your riding style not being adequate to weather, traffic conditions and possibly your bike than rim brakes being the root cause. The more as especially in the wet most brakes are easily able to block the wheel - more brake power is not possible, thus disc brakes would not make the situation different here. If your rim brakes don't brake in the wet and we are talking about Brompton Dual Pivots it may be cheap or very old (hardened) pads or improper adjustement, not the fact that you are using a rim brake.
I cannot judge finally but to me your story sounds more like a user failure than a technology issue...
I run Swissstop BXP Blue too - so not the standard pads.
Did you use them in the situation above, too? As they have not been on the market or popular for too long already I am wondering how this fits you "a couple of years ago".
Carbon rims and pads are hardly 'normal' though.
In case you have been running carbon rims with normal pads the reason is obvious: They are an improper match - there is a reason why there are special pads for carbon rims and still as far as I can judge carbon rims are not the best idea in combination with rim brakes. Brompton do however not have carbom rims from factory, so not much to complain...